Hypertension / High Blood Pressure
What is high blood pressure?
High blood pressure is a condition that puts you at risk for heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney disease. Elevated blood pressure is a term we use to describe a patient with higher-than-normal blood pressure. We normally do not start medications for elevated blood pressure, but we will continue to monitor in the event it progresses.
RISK FACTORS AND DIAGNOSIS
Who is at risk for high blood pressure?
The exact cause of primary hypertension is not clear; however, several risk factors include older age, obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, a high sodium diet, high alcohol intake, lack of physical exercise, kidney disease, and family history of hypertension.
How do I know if I have high blood pressure?
Often high blood pressure does not cause any symptoms. To diagnose hypertension, blood pressure readings must be elevated on ≥ 2 visits spaced > 1 week apart. One blood pressure reading is used if there is organ damage or if blood pressure is ≥ 180/110 mmHg.
PREVENTION
What can I do to lower my blood pressure?
Lifestyle modifications can be implemented to reduce your blood pressure. These include weight loss, the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), daily exercise, and limiting alcohol and smoking. The chart below details the average BP reduction associated with each lifestyle intervention.
TREATMENT
Can hypertension be treated with medications?
Various oral medications can be used to lower your blood pressure. These medications are prescribed frequently, are safe and effective. Be sure to avoid medications that can increase your blood pressure, such as NSAIDS (Naproxyn, ibuprofen, diclofenac), nasal decongestants and cold remedies, and diet pills.
How will I know the treatment is working?
In general, a single antihypertensive medication should lower your blood pressure by 8-10 / 4-6 mmHg (systolic/diastolic). Some patients will require additional medications to bring their blood pressure to an appropriate level.
